Ethereum mainnet processes roughly 15 transactions per second. A payments network like Visa handles tens of thousands. That gap is why blockchains need scaling: a way to do more work without asking every participant to verify every transaction on the base chain. Over the past several years the industry converged on a handful of distinct approaches—rollups, sidechains, payment channels, and sharding—each trading off security, decentralization, and cost differently.
This is a companion discussion topic for the original entry at https://namefi.io/r/en/blog/blockchain-scaling-approaches